What causes Lithium toxicity?

Lithium toxicity primarily occurs due to excessive lithium intake or due to insufficient levels of water and sodium in the body, which can affect how lithium is processed. When a person takes too much lithium, it can lead to elevated levels of the drug in the bloodstream, resulting in toxic effects. Additionally, lithium is processed through the kidneys, and changes in hydration status or sodium balance can significantly impact lithium levels. For instance, dehydration or a significantly low sodium state can lead to increased reabsorption of lithium, contributing to toxicity.

This understanding is critical, as it emphasizes the importance of maintaining adequate hydration and a stable sodium intake while on lithium therapy. Monitoring these factors helps prevent toxicity and ensures the medication remains within a safe therapeutic range.