What can cause Lithium toxicity?

Lithium toxicity can occur when there is an imbalance in the levels of Lithium in the body, which can result from several factors related to hydration and electrolyte balance. Taking too much Lithium, or not consuming enough water or salt, can lead the body to retain Lithium, thereby increasing its concentration in the bloodstream. This is crucial because Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range; small deviations in dosage or fluid balance can lead to toxicity.

When the body is dehydrated or when salt levels drop, the kidneys may reabsorb more Lithium to compensate, which elevates its levels in the blood beyond therapeutic limits. This is particularly important in certain situations such as hot weather or illness, where increased fluid loss can occur without adequate fluid intake.

In contrast, excessive exercise without proper hydration can contribute to dehydration, but it is typically the combination of decreased salt and water intake alongside Lithium use that directly leads to toxicity. Mixing Lithium with other medications can certainly pose risks and interactions, but when it comes to toxicity specifically, the body's management of Lithium through hydration and salt intake is the primary concern. Moderate alcohol consumption may have effects on the central nervous system, but it is not a direct cause of Lithium toxicity in the same way as hydration and electrolyte levels are.